Modern software development is all about speed, automation, and collaboration. Companies need to adapt quickly to changing markets and customer demands. This is where DevOps engineers comes in and why the concept of infrastructure as code is important.
DevOps engineers combine development and operations to help organizations ship software faster and more reliably. They promotes continuous delivery by getting code changes into production as soon as they are ready. DevOps helps shorten development cycles and catch issues early through automation, monitoring, and team collaboration.
The goal is to swiftly build, test, and release software and minimize manual processes. This allows companies to get feedback from customers and iterate rapidly. It is how market leaders stay ahead of the curve and stay innovative. The benefits are clear: happier customers, more engaged employees, and competitive advantage.
Yet many people have misconceptions about DevOps. Some think it is just about tools and technology. Or that it means ops folks doing developers’ jobs and vice versa. In reality, DevOps is a cultural shift that breaks down silos between teams. It promotes shared goals and closer communication across the entire software delivery process.
Done right, DevOps leads to better alignment and efficiency. Instead of blaming others, teams focus on continuous improvement. Bugs are addressed as a team rather than a ‘not my problem’ attitude. New features land in customers’ hands at the speed of business, making all necessary stakeholders happy.
This article will explore what it truly takes to become DevOps engineers. We’ll cover key DevOps practices like infrastructure as code, continuous integration and delivery, monitoring, and more.
DevOps Engineers & Infrastructure as Code – Debunking Myths
1. DevOps Engineers – job title or a culture of collaboration
When people first hear the term ‘DevOps Engineers,’ they often think it refers to a new job role within an organization. In reality, DevOps is less about titles or silos and more about culture. At its core, DevOps engineers encourages collaboration between development and operations teams.
Instead of viewing each other as outsiders, team members work together towards shared goals. Developers consider how their code will operate in production environments. Sysadmins provide input earlier in the development process. Barriers break down as shared responsibilities and mutual understanding increase.
While some companies do employ DevOps engineers, these individuals generally act as culture carriers, encouraging collaborative practices rather than working in isolation. The whole development pipeline is everyone’s concern. Silos dissolve as teams focus on delivering value to users, not just their internal functions.
Progress happens through cooperation, not competition. Problems get solved by bringing different perspectives together, not by assigning blame. In this way, DevOps transforms how organizations work for the better.
2. The importance of understanding Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) as DevOps Engineers
When starting their DevOps journey, it’s easy for teams to get lost in the technological weeds. Infrastructure, code, and container orchestration are important skills. However, the core of DevOps isn’t about any specific tool or service; it’s about mindset.
One mindset shift that often gets overlooked is how we view infrastructure itself. In traditional ops models, infrastructure is something that sits behind the scenes. Teams provision and manage physical servers without questioning why.
With IaaS and cloud-native architectures, infrastructure becomes ephemeral and elastic. It scales on demand rather than requiring lengthy procurement cycles. This flexibility aligns perfectly with DevOps automation, experimentation, and rapid feedback principles.
Yet infrastructure only realizes its full potential when regarded as mutable rather than stationary. When teams understand how tools like AWS, GCP, and Azure work, they can design systems that maximize availability, optimize costs, and rapidly respond to new requirements. Infrastructure moves from a fixed constraint to a collaborative enabler.
So, while specific IaaS platforms come and go, the primary takeaway is reframing how we think about the underlying foundation that powers our applications and services. Infrastructure should serve development needs, not define them.
Delving into Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
A. Definition and core components
In its simplest terms, IaaS involves renting virtual infrastructure resources—like compute power, storage, and networking capabilities—from a cloud provider instead of purchasing and managing physical hardware yourself. Some key components you’ll interact with as an IaaS user include:
- Virtual machines (VMs): These act as virtual versions of physical computer servers that run your operating systems and applications. You can easily create, start, stop, and delete VMs with a few simple clicks.
- Virtual private servers (VPS): similar to VMs but focused on offering isolated, dedicated compute resources for things like web hosting.
- Object storage offers scalable storage for unstructured data like photos, videos, or backups. Things are stored as ‘objects’ rather than file systems.
- Cloud databases are fully managed database services, so you don’t have to worry about maintaining the underlying database software.
- Networking tools: services for configuring virtual networks, subnetting, load balancing, and traffic management between connected cloud resources.
B. Benefits and real-world use cases
The main perk of IaaS is that it removes the need to invest large sums upfront in physical hardware. You only pay for what you use on an hourly or monthly basis. This makes cloud infrastructure highly scalable for growing businesses; you can quickly add more resources during peak times without over-provisioning hardware when needs are lower.
IaaS also eliminates the effort associated with time-consuming system administration tasks like procuring, setting up, and maintaining physical servers, storage, and networks. This freed-up time can instead be spent moving your core business and applications forward.
Common real-world uses of IaaS include web app hosting, medium-sized application development environments, media encoding and streaming, backup and disaster recovery systems, and even infrastructure for other cloud-based services. Many companies deploy their whole operations to IaaS to reduce costs and complexity compared to on-premises data centers.
Differences between IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS
| Service | What is provisioned? | Responsibility | Examples | Target User |
| Iaas | Virtual infrastructure (VMs, storage, networking) | The customer manages OS, applications, some configuration | Amazon EC2, Microsoft Azure VMs, Google Compute Engine | Developers, DevOps engineers, Sysadmins |
| Paas | Development/run-time platform (servers, operating system, storage, networking, databases) | Customer manages applications only, platform provider manages the rest | AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Heroku, Azure App Service | Developers |
| Saas | Fully managed applications | Provider manages everything | Gmail, Salesforce, Office 365, Workday | End users |
B. Advantages of Infrastructure as Code to DevOps Engineers
- Speed and Agility: The first major perk is increased speed and agility. With IaC, making any infrastructure change is as simple as writing some code and running a deployment. No more waiting around for servers to be provisioned by hand; your code takes care of everything automatically.
This means teams can implement infrastructure changes just as quickly as they do application code changes. No more long delays waiting for hardware to arrive or configurations to be tweaked manually. With IaC, infrastructure is elastic and moldable to your needs at lightning speed. - Consistency and repeatability: IaC also brings consistency and repeatability. By defining infrastructure in code, you know exactly how to rebuild anything from scratch automatically.
No more subtle, undocumented deviations between environments. Everything is codified to work the same way every time it is deployed. This level of consistency is a massive boost for reliability, testing, and deployments. It becomes simple to destroy and recreate entire environments on demand for experiments or tests. - Collaboration: Perhaps the biggest benefit, though, is collaboration. When infrastructure is defined as code, it can be version-controlled, reviewed, integrated, tested, and improved upon, just like application code.
Multiple engineers can work together seamlessly on the same infrastructure definitions without conflict. The days of fragile customized server configurations owned by individual admins’ have become a thing of the past. Infrastructure evolves through transparent collaboration across your entire team of DevOps engineers.
The best Infrastructure as Code platforms for DevOps Engineers
Some of the most popular platforms and tools for practicing infrastructure as code are:
Terraform
Terraform is one of the most popular IaC tools out there. With Terraform, you write code that defines your infrastructure resources and their relationships—things like VMs, network configurations, DNS entries, etc. Then, Terraform builds and provisions your infrastructure automatically based on that code. It works across all major cloud providers and on-premises, too.
The nice thing about Terraform is that it handles dependency management automatically. So it knows the order in which things must be created and gracefully handles failures by rolling back partial changes. With Terraform, you can treat infrastructure components like reusable modules and share common patterns across your organization. It does require some learning to get the most out of it, and Terraform’s HashiCorpConfig language is quite easy to pick up.
Ansible
Ansible is a simple yet powerful configuration management and deployment tool. Unlike some other tools, Ansible doesn’t require you to run any agents on your servers. Instead, it uses SSH to connect and execute tasks. This makes it very lightweight.
With Ansible, you define ‘playbooks”—YAML files that describe what your servers should look like. Things like what software should be installed, existing files, users and permissions, etc. Ansible then runs these playbooks using a built-in language and enforces the required configurations across your whole infrastructure. It’s beginner-friendly and has a very active community behind it.
Puppet
Puppet is one of the oldest configuration management tools with a robust feature set. With Puppet, you model your infrastructure as resources like packages, services, users, etc., and describe their desired state in Puppet’s declarative language.
Some key things to know about puppets are:
- Puppet code is written in simple Ruby-like syntax, and files are called ‘Manifests.’
- Resources like packages, files, etc. have attributes to define properties like version, owner, permissions, etc.
- Puppet runs on a client-server model where an agent runs on each server and pulls configuration from a central Puppet master.
- It compiles the manifests into a catalog of required changes and pushes them out efficiently via the agent to achieve the desired state.
- Has great support for writing reusable code through well-defined patterns like modules. These can be shared via the Forge community catalog.
- Mature and capable of automating anything from single servers to mass infrastructure deployments and updates.
- Can directly integrate with many apps through extensions called Puppet Enterprise.
- The steep learning curve is very powerful once you understand its declarative model and language. Actively developed with a large community.
Chef
Chef was one of the more important configuration management tools. It borrows ideas from Rails and uses Ruby as its scripting language and TMOL/YAML for data serialization.
Some key chef concepts:
- Configuration is defined through’recipes’—ruby scripts that declare resources, like in Puppet.
- ‘Cookbooks’ bundle related recipes and other files into reusable packages.
- Uses a ‘push’ model where the Chef server knows what nodes need updating rather than nodes pulling configurations.
- Chef-client runs on nodes to install cookbooks and converge to the desired state defined in recipes.
- Cookbooks are versioned, and updates are handled incrementally, which helps stability.
- A community hub called Chef Supermarket shares cookbooks like Puppet Forge.
- A chef automation tool called Chef Automate adds visibility, compliance, and workflow features.
- Flexible yet tends to be more complex than some newer tools due to its Ruby basis. But very capable once mastered.
- Actively maintained projects by Chef Software with good documentation and community support
Essential Tools and Platforms for DevOps Engineers
One of the most exciting parts of working as DevOps engineers is the wide array of powerful tools available to help automate processes and deliver quality software quickly. While the options can initially feel overwhelming, a few standouts have risen to the top based on their capabilities and community support. Here are some of the most common toolchains used by DevOps engineers.
A. Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment (CI/CD) Tools
1. Jenkins
With good reason, Jenkins has been around for years and remains one of the most popular choices. It’s free, easy to use, and highly customizable through an extensive plugin library. Jenkins makes integrating with version control systems, building apps, running tests, and deploying changes a breeze. Its user-friendly interface hides the complexity so that you can focus on your code. Many DevOps engineers still prefer Jenkins for its stability and flexibility.
2. CircleCI
If you’re looking for a smoother hosted alternative to Jenkins, CircleCI is excellent. It provides a streamlined workflow and pre-built Docker image configurations for popular languages and frameworks. Debugging failures is simpler with its detailed test output. CircleCI excels at fast and reliable builds for simpler pipelines. The tradeoff is fewer customization options compared to Jenkins. Still, it’s a great option for smaller teams or simpler needs.
3. GitLab CI/CD
True one-stop-shop capabilities come from GitLab itself, with integrated Git repository hosting, planning tools, and a powerful CI/CD engine. CI/CD configurations use YAML for maximum portability. GitLab Runner agents securely execute pipelines on-premise or in the cloud. Best of all, it’s fully open source. GitLab’s ‘everything in one place’ approach lowers operational overhead and enhances team collaboration.
B. Monitoring and Logging Tools
1. Prometheus
Prometheus is a great choice for application and system monitoring. With it, you can collect metrics from virtually any source, store them for long periods, and then query and visualize the data to understand trends and easily pinpoint when things start to go awry.
Some key things Prometheus excels at include real-time monitoring of metrics like server loads, response times, error rates, and more. It periodically scrapes configured endpoints over HTTP and imports the metrics into its time-series database. This data is then queryable via a powerful PromQL query language.
2. ELK Stack
The ELK stack, which stands for Elasticsearch, Logstash, and Kibana, is one of this space’s most feature-rich open-source solutions.
With ELK, you can gather logs from all of your servers, applications, and services into a central data store using Logstash. Logstash can parse logs, enrich records, and route data to the right index in Elasticsearch.
Elasticsearch then takes this log data and makes it highly searchable and analyzable. You can perform advanced queries across terabytes of log records by fields, timestamps, and more. Its distributed nature also allows it to scale massively.
Lastly, Kibana provides an intuitive interface on top of Elasticsearch for running those queries and visualizing log and metric data through graphs, charts, and maps. With Kibana dashboards, you can build monitors to detect anomalies or security threats, trace requests, and gain key operational insights.
When used together, the ELK stack gives you unmatched log management and search abilities to aid rapid troubleshooting, audit trails, and compliance reporting. It takes the pain of wading through log files when something goes wrong with your infrastructure or applications.
C. Container Orchestration
Two leading container orchestration platforms widely used today are Kubernetes and Docker Swarm. Let’s take a closer look at each:
1. Kubernetes
Kubernetes, also known as ‘K8s’, has quickly become the most popular container orchestrator in the industry. Developed first by Google, it is now maintained by the Cloud Native Computing Foundation. Kubernetes offers robust and flexible tools for deploying and managing large-scale containerized applications.
With Kubernetes, you define your application deployment and resource specifications using simple text files—no more cryptic configurations. It then handles scheduling and distributing your containers across a cluster of machines. If containers fail or need to be rescaled, K8s automatically replaces or redistributes them to maintain your desired application state.
Kubernetes also abstracts away infrastructure details, so your application code focuses only on business logic without considering where containers will run. It handles automated rollouts and rollbacks of changes, self-healing if issues arise, load balancing for high availability, and more. All these capabilities make K8s quite powerful yet easy to use once you learn the basics.
2. Docker Swarm
Docker Inc. created Docker Swarm as a native clustering and orchestration solution for running Docker containers. Like Kubernetes, Swarm abstracts a pool of Docker hosts and allows deploying multi-container applications across them.
The main difference is that Swarm’s clustering and orchestration capabilities are simple and lightweight. It does not have as many ad designs, clustering and orchestration capabilities, or simple and lightweight advanced features as Kubernetes. Still, it works out of the box right on Docker Engine and takes minimal configuration. Swarm is intended more for those just starting with Docker containers and does not require separate masters or scheduling nodes.
Swarm mode was later integrated directly into Docker Engine, so you no longer need a separate Swarm manager. Applications can scale up or down simply by adding or removing Docker hosts to the Swarm cluster. It works well for basic container scheduling and load balancing in simple environments without complex requirements.
Enhancing Deployment with PipeOps
PipeOp is a new deployment technology that aims to streamline the process of delivering software updates from development to production. At its core, PipeOp treats infrastructure as a workflow, where code, configurations, and environments flow seamlessly from one stage to the next in a standardized ‘pipeline’.
Instead of manual steps run by people, with PipeOp, these deployment workflows can be completely automated and centrally managed as code. This allows developers to focus solely on writing code without worrying about provisioning servers, deploying their work, or ensuring quality controls. Behind the scenes, PipeOp handles translating that code into predictable, reliable processes that spur software toward its destination of running for end users.
B. How PipeOps complements DevOps
PipeOp was created specifically with DevOps in mind. As many of you know, DevOps champions the idea of breaking down silos between development and operations teams. It promotes collaboration, automation, and constant communication across these roles to accelerate the software release process.
PipeOp picks up where traditional DevOps practices leave off. Once source code, testing procedures, and infrastructure definitions are standardized, PipeOp weaves them together seamlessly. It forms an automated assembly line that buzzes code from coding to testing to production with minimal manual work or chance for error along the way. PipeOp complements DevOps by fulfilling its vision of truly seamless, streamlined software delivery.
C. Benefits of PipeOps in cloud software deployment
When it comes to deploying applications to modern, dynamic cloud infrastructure, PipeOp shines. Its ability to codify deployment processes becomes critical for releasing software reliably in cloud environments that are constantly changing, updating, and scaling themselves behind the scenes.
Some key benefits PipeOp provides include:
- Reproducible, standardized deployment: no matter the underlying infrastructure, PipeOp shields developers from cloud fluctuations, so releases always run the same way.
- Continuous delivery. PipeOp can deploy code updates automatically after testing passes, delivering enhancements to users incredibly quickly.
- Increased uptime. Automated PipeOp pipelines reduce mistakes and maintain environments properly for maximum app availability.
- Resource efficiency. PipeOp streamlines infrastructure use so cloud costs are optimized with no unused servers wasting money idle.
Conclusion on IaC for DevOps Engineers
We’ve discussed the important role of infrastructure as code and devops tools in helping organizations speed up their software delivery in this article. Using concepts like IaC and automation is key to reducing errors and making infrastructure updates seamless.
The various devops tools showcased, like Git, Jenkins, Ansible, and Docker, are designed to bring different pieces of your software delivery chain together. Adopting a devops approach helps foster better collaboration between developers and operations staff. Integration tools like PipeOps then help take automation further by optimizing how code moves between development and production environments in the cloud.
If there is one thing I hope you take away, it is that embracing infrastructure as code principles and leveraging devops practices can significantly improve your software development workflow. It cuts down on manual work while improving quality. Best of all, it makes the process of getting new features to users much quicker.
For those of you embarking on this modern software delivery method, my advice would be to start small. Pick one tool, learn it inside out, and develop an IaC mindset. Build automation into everything you do. Reach out to devops communities for help along the way. Over time, you will see improvements in both productivity and job satisfaction.
The world of technology is evolving at a rapid pace. I encourage you to adapt and grow with it by expanding your devops skills. The journey won’t be easy, but it is well worth it. I wish you the very best in powering your organization into the future through infrastructure, code, and devops excellence.
